Robert's Rules of Poker, version 5, is authored by Robert Ciaffone, better known in the poker world as Bob Ciaffone, a leading authority on cardroom rules. He is the person who has selected which rules to use and formatted, organized, and worded the text.

Nearly all these rules are substantively in common use for poker, but many improved ideas for wording and organization are employed throughout this work. A lot of the rules are similar to those used in the rulebook of cardrooms where he has acted as a rules consultant and rules drafter.

Ciaffone authored the rulebook for the Poker Players Association (founded in 1984, now defunct), the first comprehensive set of poker rules for the general public. He has done extensive work on rules for the Las Vegas Hilton, The Mirage, and Hollywood Park Casino, and assisted many other cardrooms.

Ciaffone is a regular columnist for Card Player magazine, and can be reached through that publication. This rulebook will be periodically revised, so suggestions are welcome.

Note: This particular version of Robert's Rules of Poker has been edited for grammar, punctuation and style. Additional text was added for clarification purposes. A sincere attempt was made to avoid disrupting in any way the spirit of the rules set forth by Robert Ciaffone. 

Poker rules are widely used and freely copied, so it is impossible to construct a rulebook without using many rules that exist as part of a rule set of some cardroom. If such a rule is used, no credit is given to the source (which is unlikely to be the original one for the rule).

The goal of this rulebook is to produce the best set of rules in existence, and make it generally available, so any person or cardroom can use it who so desires. The purpose is the betterment of poker.

The general philosophy used in this rulebook is to make the rules sufficiently detailed so a decision-maker will know what the proper ruling is in each situation. A rule should do more than produce the right ruling. It should be stated so the decision-maker can refer to specific language in the rulebook, to have the ruling is accepted as correct.

The author has strongly supported uniform poker rules, and applauds the work done in this direction by the Tournament Director's Association (TDA). Nearly all the rules herein are compatible with the TDA rules, although there are some slight differences in wording.

This rulebook may be copied or downloaded by anyone, provided it is not sold for profit without written permission from the author, and the name Robert's Rules of Poker is used or credited. Excerpts of less than a full chapter may be used without restriction or credit.

People are welcome to use these rules, and even put their own business name on them, but this does not give a person or business any rights other than to use the rules in their own establishment, or to make copies available to someone else with the same restrictions applied to the recipient as stated here.

Anyone may make copies of these rules and distribute them at no charge to recipients as a business promotion without obtaining permission.

Management will attempt to maintain a pleasant environment for all our customers and employees, but is not responsible for the conduct of any player. We have established a code of conduct, and may deny the use of our cardroom to violators. The following are not permitted:

1. Collusion with another player or any other form of cheating.
2. Verbally or physically threatening any patron or employee.
3. Using profanity or obscene language.
4. Creating a disturbance by arguing, shouting, or making excessive noise.
5. Throwing, tearing, bending, or crumpling cards.
6. Destroying or defacing property.
7. Using an illegal substance.
8. Carrying a weapon.

The following actions are improper, and grounds for warning, suspending, or barring a violator:

1. Deliberately acting out of turn.
2. Deliberately splashing chips into the pot.
3. Agreeing to check a hand down when a third player is all-in.
4. Reading a hand for another player at the showdown before the hand has been placed faceup on the table.
5. Telling anyone to turn a hand faceup at the showdown.
6. Revealing the contents of a live hand in a multi-handed pot before the betting is complete.
7. Revealing the contents of a folded hand before the betting is complete. [Players must not divulge the contents of a hand during a deal, even to someone not in the pot, to avoid any possibility the information will be transmitted to an active player.]
8. Needlessly stalling the action of a game.
9. Deliberately discarding hands away from the muck. Cards should be released in a low line of flight, at a moderate rate of speed (not at the dealer's hands or chip-rack).
10. Stacking chips in a manner that interferes with dealing or viewing cards.
11. Making statements or taking action that could unfairly influence the course of play, whether or not the offender is involved in the pot.
12. Using a cell phone at the table.

These rules are for an establishment that does not completely bar smoking.

1. The seat on each side of the dealer is a nonsmoking seat.
2. Cigar or pipe smoking is not allowed in the cardroom.
3. Smoking by a guest or spectator is not allowed.

1. Management reserves the right to make decisions in the spirit of fairness, even if a strict interpretation of the rules may indicate a different ruling.
2. Decisions of the shift supervisor are final.
3. The proper time to draw attention to an error or irregularity is when it occurs or is first noticed. Any delay may affect the ruling.
4. If an incorrect rule interpretation or decision by an employee is made in good faith, the establishment has no liability.
5. A ruling may be made regarding a pot if it has been requested before the next deal starts (or before the game either ends or changes to another table). Otherwise, the result of a deal must stand. The first riffle of the shuffle marks the start for a deal.
6. If a pot has been incorrectly awarded and mingled with chips that were not in the pot, and the time limit for a ruling request given in the previous rule has been observed, management may determine how much was in the pot by reconstructing the betting, and then transfer that amount to the proper player.
7. To keep the action moving, it is possible that a game may be asked to continue even though a decision is delayed for a short period. The delay could be needed to check the overhead camera tape, get the shift supervisor to give the ruling, or some other good reason. In such circumstances, a pot or portion thereof may be impounded by the house while the decision is pending.
8. The same action may have a different meaning depending on who does it, so the possible intent of an offender will be taken into consideration. Some factors here are the person's amount of poker experience and past record.

1. Management will decide when to start or close any game.
2. Time collections (seat rental fees) are paid in advance. In all time collection games, the dealer is required to pick up the collection from each player before dealing. A player not wishing to pay collection may play one courtesy hand in Seven-Card Stud, and may play until the blind in button games, provided no one is waiting for the game. If there is more than one person on the list for that game when the Time collections becomes due, everyone must pay the collection fee. A new player is not required to pay if there is either no list or only one person waiting.
3. Cash is not permitted on the table. All cash should be changed into chips in order to play. If a player appears unaware of this rule and attempts to play unnoticed cash that was on the table during a pot, the dealer may let the cash play if no one in the pot objects, then have all the cash changed into chips after the hand. Any chips from another establishment are not permitted on the table, do not play in the game, and if discovered will be treated similarly to unnoticed cash (see Explanations: Cash on the Table).
4. Money and chips may be removed for security purposes when leaving the table. The establishment is not responsible for any shortage or removal of chips left on the table during a player's absence, even though we will try to protect everyone as best we can. All removed funds must be fully restored when returning to the game.
5. If you return to the same game within one hour of cashing out, your buy-in must be equal to the amount removed when leaving that game.
6. All games are table stakes (except playing behind as given in the next rule). Only the chips in front of a player at the start of a deal may play for that hand, except for chips not yet received that a player has purchased. The amount bought must be announced to the table, or only the amount of the minimum buy-in plays. Awareness of the amount being in play for each opponent is an important part of poker. All chips and money must be kept in plain view.
7. Playing behind is allowed for the amount of purchased chips only while awaiting their arrival. The amount in play must be announced to the table, or only the amount of the minimum buy-in plays.
8. Playing out of a rack is not allowed.
9. Only one person may play a hand.
10. No one is allowed to play another player's chips.
11. Permission is required before taking a seat in a game.
12. Playing over without permission from the floorperson is not allowed. A playover box is required. Permission from the absent player is not necessary.
13. Pushing bets ("saving" or "potting out") is not allowed.
14. Pushing an ante or posting for another person is not allowed.
15. Agreements between players to split pots will not be allowed in any game. Splitting (chopping) the big and small blind when all other players have folded is allowed in button games.
16. Insurance propositions are not allowed. Dealing twice (or three times) when all-in is permitted at big-bet poker.
17. The game's betting limit will not be changed if two or more players object. Raising the limit is subject to management approval.
18. Players must keep their cards in full view. This means above table-level and not past the edge of the table. The cards should not be covered by the hands in a manner to completely conceal them.
19. Any player is entitled to a clear view of an opponent's chips. Higher denomination chips should be easily visible.
20. Your chips may be picked up if you are away from the table for more than 30 minutes. Your absence may be extended if you notify a floorperson in advance. Frequent or continuous absences may cause your chips to be picked up from the table.
21. A lock-up in a new game will be picked up after five minutes if someone is waiting to play. No seat may be locked up for more than ten minutes if someone is waiting to play.
22. A new deck must be used for at least a full round (once around the table) before it may be changed, and a new setup must be used for at least an hour, unless a deck is defective or damaged, or cards become sticky.
23. Looking through the discards or deck stub is not allowed.
24. After a deal ends, dealers are asked to not show what card would have been dealt.
25. A player is expected to pay attention to the game and not hold up play. Activity that interferes with this such as reading at the table is discouraged, and the player will be asked to cease if a problem is caused.
26. A non-player may not sit at the table.
27. In non-tournament games, you may have a guest sit behind you if no one in the game objects. It is improper for a guest to look at any hand other than your own.
28. Speaking a foreign language during a deal is not allowed.

1. You must be present to add your name to a waiting list.
2. It is the player's responsibility to be in the playing area and hear the list being called. A player who intends to leave the playing area should notify the list-person, and can leave money for a lockup. The lockup amount is $20.
3. When there is more than one game of the same stakes and poker form, and a must-move is not being used, the house will control the seating of new players to best preserve the viability of existing games. A new player will be sent to the game most in need of an additional player. A transfer to a similar game is not allowed if the game being left will then have fewer players than the game being entered.
4. A player may not hold a seat in more than one game.
5. The house reserves the right to require that any two players not play in the same game (husband and wife, relatives, business partners, and so forth).
6. When a button game starts, active players will draw a card for the dealer button position. The button will be awarded to the highest card by suit for all high and high-low split games, and to the lowest card by suit for all low games.
7. In a new game, the player who arrives at the table the earliest gets first choice of remaining seats. If two players want the same seat and arrive at the same time, the higher player on the list has preference. A player playing a pot in another game may have a designated seat locked up until that hand is finished.
8. Management may reserve a certain seat for a player for a good reason, such as to provide an adequate view of the board for a person with a vision problem.
9. To avoid a seating dispute, a supervisor may decide to start the game with one extra player over the normal number participating. If so, a seat will be removed as soon as someone quits the game.
10. To protect an existing game, a forced move may be invoked when an additional game of the same type and limit is started. The must-move list is maintained in the same order as the original waiting list. If a player refuses to move into the main game, that player will be forced to quit, and cannot play in the must-move game or get on that list for one hour.
11. You must play in a new game or must-move game to retain your place on the list if, by your playing, there would be three or fewer empty seats.
12. In all button games, a player going from a must-move game to the main game may play until due for the big blind. The player must then enter main the game as a new player and either post an amount equal to the big blind or wait for the big blind. In all Stud games, a player may play only one more hand before moving.
13. A request for seat change by a player already in the game has precedence over the seat preference of a new player for any open seat. However, once a new player has been seated, or a new player's buy-in or lock-up marker has been placed on the table, no change will occur unless the seat was previously requested by a player already in the game. For players already in the game, the one who asks earliest has preference for a seat change.
14. In all button games, a player voluntarily locking up a seat in another game must move immediately if there is a waiting list of two or more names for the seat being vacated, except that the player is entitled to play the button if a blind has already been taken. If there is no list of two or more names for the seat being vacated, a player may play up to the blind before moving. In Stud games, a player changing tables may play only the present hand if anyone is waiting for the seat being vacated or one more hand when no one is waiting.
15. When a game breaks, each player may draw a card to determine the seating order for a similar game. The floorperson draws a card for an absent player. If the card entitles the absent player to an immediate seat, the absent player's seat in the new game is locked up until the player is due to take the big blind in a button game (two hands in a Stud game), and will be put first up on the list if not back in time.

In games played high, the pot is awarded to the highest ranked hand shown down. In games played low, the pot is awarded to the lowest ranked hand shown down. If two hands are ranked equally, kickers (odd cards) play to determine the winner.

The standard ranking of poker hands, listed in order of lowest hand to highest hand:

1. High Card (ranked lowest to highest): 2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-J-Q-K-A (except in Ace-to-Five Lowball games, where A is always the lowest ranking card).
2. One Pair: 2 cards of the same rank + 3 odd cards
3. Two Pair: 1 pair of one rank + 1 pair of another rank + 1 odd card
4. 3-of-a-Kind: 3 cards of the same rank + 2 odd cards
5. Straight: 5 cards in numerical order, not all the same suit. Unless otherwise stated, aces may be used to make the highest straight (A-K-Q-J-10) and the lowest (A-2-3-4-5).
6. Flush: Any 5 cards of the same suit. A flush with higher ranking cards is ranked higher than any flush of lower ranking cards.
7. Full House: 3-of-a-Kind + One pair
8. 4-of-a-Kind: 4 cards of the same rank
9. Straight Flush: A straight of the same suit. A straight flush with higher ranking cards is ranked higher than any straight flush of lower ranking cards.
10. Royal Flush: A-K-Q-J-10 of the same suit.
11. 5-of-a-Kind: 4 cards of the same face value with a wild card or Joker.

The buy-in is the minimum amount of chips a player purchases when he or she has no chips. A short buy is any amount less than a full buy-in. The rules below govern buy-ins before and during the play of a game:

1. When a player enters a game, the player must make a full buy-in. At limit poker, a full buy-in is at least ten times the maximum bet for the game, unless designated otherwise.
2. Only one short buy is allowed per game. Adding to a stack in any quantity between hands is not considered a buy-in.
3. A player who is forced to transfer from a broken game or must-move game to a game of the same limit may continue to play the same amount of money, even if it is less than the minimum buy-in. A player switching games voluntarily must have the proper buy-in size for the new game.

A misdeal constitutes an error in the deal requiring the hand to be redealt.

1. The following circumstances cause a misdeal, provided attention is called to the error before two players have acted on their hands. If two players have acted in turn, the deal must be played to conclusion, as explained in rule #2 below.
   1. The first or second card of the hand has been dealt faceup or exposed through dealer error.
   2. Two or more cards have been exposed by the dealer.
   3. Two or more boxed cards (improperly faced cards) are found.
   4. Two or more extra cards have been dealt in the starting hands of a game.
   5. An incorrect number of cards has been dealt to a player, except the top card may be dealt if it goes to the player in proper sequence.
   6. Any card has been dealt out of the proper sequence (except an exposed card).
   7. The dealer button was out of position.
   8. The first card was dealt to the wrong position.
   9. Cards have been dealt to an empty seat or to a player not entitled to a hand.
   10. A player has been dealt out who is entitled to a hand. This player must be present at the table or have posted a blind or ante.
2. Once significant action occurs in a hand, a misdeal can no longer be declared. The hand will be played to conclusion, and no money will be returned to any player whose hand is fouled.

A hand that is not legally playable is said to be dead. Once ruled dead, a hand can no longer be acted upon and forfeits claim to any portion of the pot.

1. Your hand is declared dead if:
   
   1. You fold or announce that you are folding when facing a bet or a raise.
   2. You throw your hand away in a forward motion causing another player to act behind you (even if not facing a bet).
   3. In Seven-Card Stud, when facing a bet, you pick your upcards off the table, turn your upcards facedown, or mix your upcards and downcards together.
   4. The hand does not contain the proper number of cards for that particular game (except at Stud a hand missing the final card may be ruled live, and at Lowball and Draw High a hand with too few cards before the draw is live, see Explanations: Proper Number of Cards).
   5. You act on a hand with a Joker as a hole card in a game not using a joker. A player who acts on a hand without looking at a card assumes the liability of finding an improper card, as given in Irregularities, rule 8.
   6. You have the clock on you when facing a bet or raise and exceed the specified time limit.
2. Cards thrown into the muck may be ruled dead. However,a hand that is clearly identifiable may be retrieved at management's discretion if doing so is in the best interest of the game. An extra effort will be made to rule a hand retrievable if it was folded as a result of incorrect information given to the player.
3. Cards thrown into another player's hand are dead, whether they are faceup or facedown.

1. In button games, if it is discovered that the dealer button was placed incorrectly on the previous hand, the button and blind will be corrected for the new hand in a manner that gives every player one chance for each position on the round (if possible).
2. You must protect your own hand at all times. Your cards may be protected with your hands, a chip, or other object placed on top of them. If you fail to protect your hand, you will have no redress if it becomes fouled or the dealer accidentally mucks it.
3. If a card with a different color back appears during a hand, all action is void and all chips in the pot are returned to the respective bettors. If a card with a different color back is discovered in the stub, all action stands.
4. If two cards of the same rank and suit are found, all action is void, and all chips in the pot are returned to the players who wagered them (subject to next rule).
5. A player who knows the deck is defective has an obligation to point this out. If such a player instead tries to win a pot by taking aggressive action (trying for a freeroll), the player may lose the right to a refund, and the chips may be required to stay in the pot for the next deal.
6. If there is extra money in the pot on a deal as a result of forfeited money from the previous deal (as per rule 5), or some similar reason, only a player dealt in on the previous deal is entitled to a hand.
7. A boxed card will be treated as a meaningless scrap of paper. A card being treated as a scrap of paper will be replaced by the next card below it in the deck, except when the next card has already been dealt facedown to another player and mixed in with other downcards. In that case, the card that was faceup in the deck will be replaced after all other cards are dealt for that round.
8. A Joker that appears in a game where it is not used is treated as a scrap of paper. Discovery of a joker does not cause a misdeal. If the Joker is discovered before a player acts on his or her hand, it is replaced as in rule If the player does not call attention to the Joker before acting, then the player has a dead hand.
9. If you play a hand without looking at all of your cards, you assume the liability of having an irregular card or an improper Joker.
10. One or more cards missing from the deck does not invalidate the results of a hand.
11. Before the first round of betting, if a dealer deals one additional card, it is returned to the deck and used as the burn card.
12. Procedure for an exposed card varies with the poker form, and is given in the section for each game. A card that is flashed by a dealer is treated as an exposed card. A card that is flashed by a player will play. To obtain a ruling on whether a card was exposed and should be replaced, a player should announce that the card was flashed or exposed before looking at it. A downcard dealt off the table is an exposed card.
13. If a card is exposed due to dealer error, a player does not have an option to take or reject the card. The situation will be governed by the rules for the particular game being played.
14. If you drop any cards out of your hand onto the floor, you must still play them.
15. If the dealer prematurely deals any cards before the betting is complete, those cards will not play, even if a player who has not acted decides to fold.

1. Check-raise is permitted in all games, except in certain forms of Lowball.
2. In no-limit and pot-limit games, unlimited raising is allowed.
3. In limit poker, for a pot involving three or more players who are not all-in, these limits on raises apply:
   1. A game with three or more betting rounds allows a maximum of a bet and three raises.
   2. A game with two betting rounds (such as Lowball or Draw High) allows a maximum of a bet and four raises (see Explanations: Maximum Raises).
4. Unlimited raising is allowed in heads-up play any time play becomes heads-up before the raising has been capped. Once the raising is capped on a betting round, it cannot be uncapped by a subsequent fold that leaves two players heads-up.
5. Any wager must be at least the size of the previous bet or raise in that round, unless a player is going all-in.
6. In limit play, an all-in wager of less than half a bet does not reopen the betting for any player who has already acted and is in the pot for all previous bets. A player facing less than half a bet may fold, call, or complete the wager. An all-in wager of a half a bet or more is treated as a full bet, and a player may fold, call, or make a full raise (for example, on a $20 betting round, a player facing a $15 all-in bet may make a full raise to $35).
7. In no-limit and pot-limit, all raises must be equal to or greater than the size of the previous bet or raise on that betting round, except for an all-in wager. A player who has already acted and is not facing a full-size wager may not subsequently raise an all-in bet of less than the minimum bet (the amount of the minimum bring-in) or less than the full amount of the last bet or raise.
8. The smallest chip that may be wagered in a game is the smallest chip used in the ante, blind, rake, or collection (house rules may prohibit wagering of chips used solely for the purpose of house revenue). Smaller chips than this do not play even in quantity. A player wanting to wager such chips must color up chips between deals. If betting is in dollar units or greater, a fraction of a dollar does not play. A player going all-in must put all chips that play into the pot.
9. A verbal statement denotes your action and is binding. If, in turn, you verbally declare a fold, check, bet, call, or raise, you are forced to take that action.

1. To win any part of a pot, a player must show all of his cards faceup on the table, whether they were used in the final hand played or not. The backs of the cards must touch the table.
2. Cards speak (cards read as shown, not as declared by a player). The dealer assists in reading hands, but players are responsible for holding onto their cards until the winner is declared. Although verbal declarations as to the contents of a hand are not binding, deliberately miscalling a hand with the intent of causing another player to discard a winning hand is unethical and may result in forfeiture of the pot (see also Lowball, rules 15 and 16).
3. Any player, dealer, or floorperson who sees an incorrect amount of chips put into a pot, or an error about to be made in awarding a pot, has an ethical obligation to point out the error. Please help keep mistakes of this nature to a minimum.
4. All losing hands will be killed by the dealer before a pot is awarded.
5. Any player who was dealt cards in a hand may request to see any hand that has been called, even if the opponent's hand or the winning hand has been mucked. However, this is a privilege that may be revoked if abused. If a player other than the pot winner asks to see a hand that has been folded, the shown hand is dead. If the winning player asks to see a losing player's hand, both hands are live, and the best hand wins.
6. Show one, show all. Players are entitled to receive equal access to information about the contents of another player's hand.
   1. After a deal, if cards are shown to another player, any player who recieved cards during the deal has a right to see those cards.
   2. If a player not involved in the hand is shown cards, or cannot the player cannot use the information in wagering, information about the shown hand should be withheld until the betting is over so as to not affect the normal outcome of the deal.
   3. During a hand, cards shown to a player who might have a further wagering decision on that betting round must immediately be shown to all players.
   4. Cards shown to a player who has no more wagering decisions on that betting round, but who might use the information on a later betting round, should be shown to the other players at the conclusion of that betting round.
   5. If only a portion of a hand has been shown, there is no requirement to show any of the unseen cards. The shown cards are treated as given in the preceding part of this rule.
7. If everyone checks (or is all-in) on the final betting round, the player who acted first is the first to show the hand. If there is wagering on the final betting round, the last player to take aggressive action by a bet or raise is the first to show the hand. In order to speed up the game, a player holding a probable winner is encouraged to show the hand without delay. If there is a side pot, players involved in the side pot should show their hands before anyone who is all-in for only the main pot.

1. Dealing a card to each player is used to determine things like who gets the dealer button in a new game or seating order for players at a broken game. If the cards are dealt, the order is clockwise starting with the first player on the dealer's left (the button position is irrelevant). If two players receive cards of the same rank, suit rank will be used to break the tie. The ranking of suits from highest to lowest is spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs. Suits never break a tie for winning a pot.
2. An odd chip will be broken down to the smallest unit used in the game when splitting pots.
3. No player may receive more than one odd chip.
4. If two or more hands tie, an odd chip will be awarded as follows:
   1. In a button game, the first hand clockwise from the button gets the odd chip.
   2. In Seven-Card Stud, the odd chip will be given to the highest card, by suit, in all high games and to the lowest card, by suit, in all low games. When making this determination, all cards are used, not just the five cards that constitute the player's hand.
   3. In high-low split pot games, the high hand receives the odd chip in a split between the high and the low hands. The odd chip between tied high hands is awarded as in a high game of that poker form, and the odd chip between tied low hands is awarded as in a low game of that poker form. If two players have identical hands, the pot will be split as evenly as possible.
5. All side pots and the main pot will be split as separate pots, not mixed together.

In button games, a non-playing dealer normally does the actual dealing. A round disk, called the button, is used to indicate which player has the dealer position. The player with the button is last to receive cards on the initial deal and has last action after the first betting round. The button moves clockwise after a deal ends to advance last action to the next players.

One or more blind bets are usually used to stimulate action and initiate play. Blinds are posted before players receive their cards. Blinds are part of a player's bet, unless the structure of a game or the situation requires part or all of a particular blind to be "dead." Dead chips are not part of a player's bet.

With two blinds, the "small blind" is posted by the player immediately clockwise from the button, and the "big blind" is posted by the player two positions clockwise from the button. With more than two blinds, the little blind is normally left of the button (not on it).

Action is initiated on the first betting round by the first player to the left of the blind who must either fold, call the amount of the big blind, or raise an appropriate amount for the structure of the game. On all subsequent betting rounds, the action begins with the first active player to the left of the button.

1. The minimum bring-in and allowable raise sizes for the opener are specified by the poker form used and blind amounts set for a game. The minimum bring-in remains the same even when the player in the blind does not have enough chips to post the full amount.
2. Each round every player must get an opportunity for the dealer button, and meet the total amount of the blind obligations (see Explanations: Button & Blind Use for a discussion of this rule). Either of the following methods of button and blind placement may be designated to do this:
   
   1. Moving button — The button always moves forward to the next player and the blind adjust accordingly. There may be more than one big blind (see Forward Moving Button for examples).
   2. Dead button — The big blind is posted by the player due for it, and the small blind and button are positioned accordingly, even if this means the small blind or the button is placed in front of an empty seat, giving the same player the privilege of last action on consecutive hands (see Dead Button for examples).
3. When you post the big blind, it serves as your opening bet. When it is your next turn to act, you have the option to raise. A player who posts any blind has the option of raising the pot at the first turn to act. This does not apply when a dead collection blind is used in a game.
4. In heads-up play with two blinds, the small blind is on the button.
5. A new player entering the game has the following options:
   1. Wait for the big blind.
   2. Post an amount equal to the big blind and immediately be dealt a hand. This is a live blind. In Lowball, a new player must either post an amount double the big blind or wait for the big blind.
6. A new player who elects to let the button go by once without posting is not treated as a player in the game who has missed a blind, and needs to post only the big blind when entering the game as in rule 5.
7. A person playing over is considered a new player, and must post the amount of the big blind or wait for the big blind.
8. A new player cannot be dealt in between the big blind and the button. Blinds may not be made up between the big blind and the button. You must wait until the button passes (see Explanations: Buying the Button for an alternative rule).
9. A player who misses any or all blind can resume play by either posting all the blinds missed or waiting for the big blind. If you choose to post the total amount of the blinds, an amount up to the size of the minimum opening bet is live. The remainder is taken by the dealer to the center of the pot and is not part of your bet. When it is your next turn to act, you have the option to raise.
10. If a player who owes a blind (as a result of a missed blind) is dealt in without posting, the hand is dead if the player looks at it before putting up the required chips, and has not yet acted. If the player acts on the hand and plays it, putting chips into the pot before the error is discovered, the hand is live, and the player is required to post on the next deal.
11. A player who goes all-in and loses is obligated to make up the blind if they are missed before a rebuy is made. The person is not treated as a new player when reentering.
12. These rules about blind apply to a newly started game:
    1. Any player who drew for the button is considered active in the game and is required to make up any missed blinds.
    2. A new player will not be required to post a blind until the button has made one complete revolution around the table, provided a blind has not yet passed that seat.
    3. A player may change seats without penalty, provided a blind has not yet passed the new seat.
13. In all multiple-blind games, a player who changes seats will be dealt in on the first available hand in the same relative position. *Example* If you move two active positions away from the big blind, you must wait two hands before being dealt in again. If you move closer to the big blind, you can be dealt in without any penalty. If you do not wish to wait and have not yet missed a blind, then you can post an amount equal to the big blind and receive a hand (see Lowball, rule 7).
14. A player who "deals off" can allow the blind to pass the new seat one time and reenter the game behind the button without having to post a blind.
15. A live straddle bet is not allowed at limit poker except in specified games.
16. A sleeping bet is not allowed.</